Shoulder Dislocation Definition, Reason, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
Understanding
The shoulder is a unique part of the body in that its shape is adapted for free movement and a wide range. A dislocated shoulder occurs when the head of the humerus slides away from the shoulder joint.
The most common cause of a dislocated shoulder is trauma to the shoulder, such as a fall on an open hand. Most dislocations occur anteriorly (anterior structures) or a combination of anterior and inferior (lower structures).
Because of its anatomical shape, it is very rare to have a posterior (back structure) dislocation. Someone who has experienced a dislocated shoulder joint will be more susceptible to experiencing a further dislocation of the shoulder.
Symptoms
There are several symptoms that indicate a dislocated shoulder, namely:
- Pain when moving the shoulder joint
- There is a sensation that the shoulder is disengaged from the joint during abduction and external rotation
- Abnormal arm position
- Numbness in hands
- Changes in shoulder shape
Reason
Dislocation of the shoulder joint is generally caused by excessive motion, especially during sports or during direct trauma. Risk factors for shoulder dislocation are a weakness of the surrounding muscles and congenital or congenital abnormalities of the humeral head (upper arm bone) or glenoid fossa (shoulder bone).
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of a dislocated shoulder is made based on obtaining medical information by doctors through medical interviews and physical examinations. The patient will complain of a history of falling or trauma to the shoulder. On physical examination, the arm cannot be moved in an abnormal position.
A radiographic examination is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of a dislocated shoulder. On plain radiographic examination of the shoulder, it will be seen that the head of the humerus bone is protruding from the glenoid portion of the scapula. If shoulder dislocation occurs repeatedly, an MRI examination is needed to see the anatomical structure of the shoulder muscles and bone structure in more detail.
Treatment
Handling as soon as possible is needed for cases of shoulder dislocation. The first aid that can be done is to maintain the condition of the shoulder so that it is in a stable position and does not move to reduce pain.
In a dislocated shoulder, several maneuvers can be performed, such as shoulder reduction using traction techniques, external rotation, the Stimson technique or the Milch technique. During this procedure, usually, the patient will complain of pain. Because of that, sedation or anesthesia is needed to reduce pain.
If there are various abnormalities in the supporting muscles of the shoulder structure, then surgery can be considered. Surgery can be performed using arthroscopic surgery techniques.
Prevention
Prevention of shoulder dislocation can be done by preventing injury to the shoulder. In general, try to choose exercises that are relatively safe for your shoulder bones.
When engaging in high-risk physical activities, or sports with strong body contact, always use proper body protection correctly and appropriately. Regular exercise can also help maintain the strength and flexibility of the shoulder joint.