Pterygium Definition, Reason, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
Definition
Pterygium is a condition in which there is a growth on the conjunctiva that can reach the cornea. The conjunctiva is the clear membrane that lines the inside of the eyelids and the sclera.
Pterygium is a benign growth that is shaped like a triangle. Generally, this condition does not cause problems or require special treatment. However, if it interferes with vision, the pterygium can be removed.
Symptoms
The sign that is commonly found in pterygium is the presence of a membrane on the conjunctival lining of the eye. However, pterygium does not always cause specific symptoms.
If someone with a pterygium experiences symptoms, the common complaints are red eyes, blurry vision, and eye irritation. The person concerned can also feel a burning sensation in the eyes or itching.
If the pterygium grows so large that it covers the cornea, vision can be impaired. Thick and large pterygium can also cause a sensation like there is a foreign body in the eye.
Reason
The exact cause of pterygium is not known. Experts suspect that exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays can boost this growth potential.
This condition is also more common in those who live in hot air and do more outdoor activities. Those who experience regular eye exposure to certain materials, such as exposure to sand, smoke, or wind, also have a greater risk of developing this condition.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of a pterygium can be made through a medical interview and physical examination. An ophthalmologist can diagnose this disease during an examination using a slit lamp. This tool helps doctors to see bigger, clearer, and brighter eye conditions.
If the doctor requires supporting examinations, some of the things that can be done are:
- Visibility check. This check involves reading the letters from a set distance.
- Corneal topography. This examination is performed to measure changes in the curvature of the cornea.
- Photo documentation. This procedure is done to take photos to see the speed of growth of the pterygium.
Treatment
Pterygium generally does not require special treatment if it does not hinder vision or cause severe discomfort. The ophthalmologist can perform periodic checks to observe the growth of the pterygium. Through this examination, the doctor can assess if there is a further visual disturbance.
Several types of treatment that can be done are:
- Treatment. If the pterygium causes irritation or red eyes, the doctor can prescribe eye drops or eye ointments that contain corticosteroids to relieve inflammation.
- Surgery. The doctor may suggest surgery to remove the pterygium if it really interferes with vision. Or, if the drug therapy that was carried out did not resolve the complaint.
Surgery may also be performed if the pterygium develops a condition called astigmatism, which can cause blurry vision. It can also be discussed with the doctor if the surgical removal of the pterygium concerns aesthetic reasons.
Prevention
Several factors such as exposure to UV rays are strongly suspected of playing a role in the occurrence of pterygium. Because it is highly recommended to always use eye protection such as dark glasses, and hats to protect your eyes from the sun, wind and dust, when outdoors.
This effort will greatly help prevent the occurrence of pterygium. Note that the sunglasses used must be able to protect the eyes from the sun’s UV rays. In those who already have a pterygium, limiting exposure to wind, dust, smoke, or sunlight can also slow its growth.