Yellow peas are cultivated for vegetables and pulses. To meet the requirement of peas and pulses, it is very important to produce yellow peas, which are mostly used in the form of pulses and gram flour. Yellow pea cultivation is more profitable in rainfed areas. Its major varieties like Jay-KPMR 522, Pant Matr 42, KFP-103, and Aman IPF5-19 can be sown.
Crop Level
Pea is the third main pulse crop in the world after bean and gram and in India, it is the third main pulse crop in Rabi pulses after gram and lentil. India ranks fourth in the world in area (10.53%) and fifth in production (6.96%).
In the 12th Five Year Plan (2012-2015), the total area under peas is 11.50 lakh tonnes and the production is about 10.36 lakh tonnes. Uttar Pradesh is the main pea-cultivating state. This alone accounts for about 49 percent share in original production. Apart from Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Maharashtra are the main pea-producing states.
Yield Difference
Generally, it has been observed that there is a difference of about 24 percent between the yield of front row display and the yield of local varieties. To reduce this gap, advanced agricultural techniques should be adopted as per the recommendations of research institutes and Krishi Vigyan Kendra.
Selection of Land
Peas can be cultivated in all types of lands, but for higher production, loamy and sandy land whose pH value is 6-7.5 is more suitable.
Land Preparation
After harvesting of Kharif crop, do one deep plowing and then two plowing with cultivator or rotavator and prepare the field flat and crumbly. In case of the problem of termites, stem fly and leaf miner, mix Phorate 10g at 10-12 kg per hectare in the field at the time of last plowing.
- Sowing time: 15 October to 15 November
- Seed quantity: Height variety – 28 -30 kg per acre
- Dwarf varieties: 40 kg per acre
Sowing Method
Sowing is done in rows with plough, seed drill, and seed cum fertilizer drill.
- Sowing depth: 4 to 5 centimeters
- Row to row and plant to plant distance: Height variety 30-45 cm.
- Dwarf variety: 22.5-10 cm
Seed Treatment
To protect against seed-borne diseases, treat with fungicide Thiram + Carbendazim at the rate of 3 grams per kilogram of seed and to protect against sucking pests, treat with Thiomethoxam at the rate of 3 grams per kilogram of seed. After that, Rhizobium leguminosarum for the stabilization of atmospheric nitrogen and PSB for converting insoluble phosphorus in the soil into a soluble state. Treat the culture at the rate of 5-10 kg seeds. Treat the seeds by mixing bio-fertilizers with 50 grams of jaggery in half a liter of lukewarm water, then cooling it.
Fertilizer Management
For tall varieties, give 20-30 kg/hectare of nitrogen and for seed varieties, give 40 kg of nitrogen/hectare as base fertilizer. The quantity of phosphorus and potash should also be given as base fertilizer on the basis of soil test. If there is deficiency of phosphorus and potash in the soil then 40 kg/ha for high-altitude varieties. For phosphorus and bonny varieties, give phosphorus at the rate of 12 kg per acre and potash at the rate of 12-15 kg and sulfur at the rate of 8 kg per acre. Apply the mixture of all fertilizers at a distance of 4-5 cm from the row and below the seeds. In those soils which are deficient in zinc, give 6.25 kg zinc sulphate per acre.
Irrigation
Depending on the moisture available in the soil and autumn rainfall, the crop requires 1-2 irrigations in the initial stage. First irrigation should be done after 45 days and if necessary, second irrigation should be done at the time of pod filling.
Harvesting and Threshing
Pea harvesting should be done after the maturity of the crop. Threshing should be done when there is 15 percent moisture in the seeds.