Benign Tumors Definition, Reason, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
Definition
Benign tumors are conditions in which there is growth of non-cancerous tissue in the body. In contrast to malignant or cancerous tumors, benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body.
Benign tumors can occur anywhere. If you find a lump or mass on your body that is palpable, it is very important to consult a doctor directly so that further evaluation can be carried out.
Benign Tumors Symptoms
Not all benign tumors show signs and symptoms. Depending on the location of the tumor, some signs and symptoms can affect the function of important organs. For example, someone who has a benign brain tumor may show signs and symptoms of headaches, visual disturbances, and memory problems.
In tumors that are located close to the skin or in areas around the soft tissue such as the abdomen, the mass can be felt.
Depending on its location, some of the signs and symptoms that can occur with a tumor are:
- Shivering
- Discomfort or pain
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Loss of appetite
- Night sweats
- Weight loss
Benign tumors with a large size can be easily detected, especially if they are located near the skin. However, most tumors are not large and do not cause discomfort or pain. For example, lipomas are generally palpable but are often tender, movable, and painless.
Benign Tumors Reason
The exact cause of most benign tumors is not known with certainty. This condition generally occurs when cells in the body divide and grow rapidly.
Generally, the body can maintain a balance of cell growth and division. When old and damaged cells start to die, they are automatically replaced by new and healthy cells. In tumors, dead cells settle and form a growth known as a tumor.
Cancer cells generally grow in the same way. However, unlike cells in benign tumors, cancer cells can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body.
Type
There are various types of benign tumors that can occur in different parts of the body. Benign tumors are classified according to where they develop. For example, lipomas grow from fat cells, while myomas grow from muscle cells.
The different types of benign tumors are as follows:
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Adenoma
Adenomas develop from a thin layer of tissue that covers glands, organs, and other internal structures. Examples are polyps that can occur in the large intestine or mass growths in the liver.
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Lipoma
Lipomas develop from fat cells and are the most common type of benign tumor. This condition can be found on the back, arms, or neck. Generally, lipomas have a soft consistency and are round in shape.
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Myoma
Myomas develop from the muscle or blood vessel walls. Myomas can also grow in smooth muscles, such as those found in the uterus.
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Fibroid
Fibroids, or fibromas, can develop from fibrous tissue present in several organs. This condition is most often found in the uterus, which is known as uterine fibroids.
In most cases, benign tumors require regular monitoring. Some noncancerous tumors or polyps can develop into cancer later in life.
In addition, some types of internal benign tumors can cause certain complaints. For example, uterine fibroids can cause pelvic pain or abnormal bleeding, and some internal tumors can block blood vessels or cause pain by pressing on certain nerves.
Benign tumors can occur in anyone, including children. However, adults have a higher probability of experiencing it as they get older.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of a benign tumor can be determined based on medical interviews, physical examinations, and certain investigations. One thing that is also important is determining whether the tumor is benign or not.
Some of the supporting examinations that can generally be carried out are:
- Computerized tomography (CT)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- Mammogram
- Ultrasonography
- Imaging using X-rays
Benign tumors generally have a visual border or protective sac that helps doctors determine they are benign. The doctor may also recommend a blood test to see the results of cancer markers.
In addition, a biopsy can also be carried out, or taking a small amount of tumor tissue, to determine whether the tumor is classified as benign or malignant.
Benign Tumors Treatment
Treatment of benign tumors depends on various factors, including the location of the tumor, the size of the tumor, and the complaints that are experienced. In tumors that are small and don’t cause complaints, the doctor may suggest further observation.
If the tumor is large or causes complaints, specific treatment will depend on the location of the tumor. For example, it may be removed for cosmetic reasons if the tumor is located on the face or neck.
Other tumors involving multiple organs, nerves, or blood vessels, are generally removed surgically to prevent further problems.
Tumor surgery is often performed using an endoscopic technique, which involves the use of thin tube instruments, with a quicker healing time.
If surgery is not possible, the doctor may recommend other procedures to reduce the size of the tumor or prevent it from getting bigger.
Prevention
Because the causes of benign tumors vary according to their type, prevention depends on where the tumor occurs.