Spermatocele Definition, Reason, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
Definition
Spermatocele, also known as a sperm cyst, is a type of problem that causes a mass or lump to appear in the scrotum. A spermatocele is generally a lump filled with fluid and sperm that is found at the head of the epididymis (the long, coiled tube that can be found behind each testicle).
Spermatocele is classified as a benign lump. This condition does not cause interference with male fertility. Apart from spermatoceles, several other conditions can also cause lumps in the scrotum. Among them hydrocele, varicocele, hernia, epididymal cyst, malignancy, and so on.
Spermatocele Symptom
Most of the time, a spermatocele does not give any symptoms (asymptomatic). Therefore, in many cases, a spermatocele is found accidentally when someone is undergoing routine examinations.
If there are symptoms, usually a lump or mass at the top of the testicle on one side. It can also be an enlargement of the scrotum on one side.
Generally, these lumps have a smooth surface, feel soft, have firm boundaries, and do not cause pain. Occasionally, complaints of swelling, redness, and pain (in the form of a dull ache) may appear in the scrotum, or a sensation of pressure at the base of the penis.
Spermatocele Reason
The exact cause of spermatocele is still not known until now. Some theories believe this condition is caused by a blockage in the epididymis. This is the organ that functions to carry sperm out of the testicles.
Diagnosis
To determine the diagnosis of spermatocele, a complete evaluation is needed which is obtained from:
- History: the doctor will collect information about the signs and symptoms experienced, medical history, and so on.
- Physical examination: especially examination of the testicles. You can also do a transillumination test by shining a light on the testicles from behind. If the lump is filled with fluid, light will pass through it, but if the testicular lump is solid, light cannot pass through it.
- Investigations: for examination of the scrotum, ultrasound (USG) will be recommended. In addition, histological examination (examination of tissue with a microscope) can be carried out.
Spermatocele Treatment
In general, spermatoceles do not cause symptoms and are often not realized by the sufferer. So, in most cases, this condition does not require treatment. The approach for painless spermatocele cases is routine and periodic observation.
If complaints arise that bother the sufferer, for example pain or the size of a lump that causes discomfort, the doctor can suggest several methods of treatment.
Complaints can be relieved by taking pain medications or drugs to reduce swelling. Keep in mind, the consumption of these drugs aims to relieve disturbing symptoms. Consumption of drugs cannot cure spermatoceles, or prevent spermatoceles from occurring.
In the case of a spermatocele that causes other symptoms, the recommended standard therapy is surgery. This surgery is in the form of a spermatocelectomy which aims to remove the spermatocele from the epididymal tissue and preserve the reproductive tract.
Generally, the surgical procedure is quite short (less than 1 hour), and can be performed under local or general anesthesia. Patients are advised to control 2-6 weeks postoperatively, to assess wound healing and the presence of other complaints.
Apart from surgery, there are minimally invasive treatment options. However, this therapy is not used too often. Treatments include aspiration and sclerotherapy.
In aspiration, the area of the spermatocele will be punctured using a needle and its contents will be sucked out. Whereas in sclerotherapy, an irritating agent will be injected into the spermatocele bag with the hope that wound healing will occur and scar tissue closure will occur.
Both are not too much of an option because often the spermatocele will recur after therapy. In addition, there is a risk of damage to the epididymis. If this happens, fertility problems can arise.
Prevention
Because the cause of spermatoceles cannot be defined with certainty, there is no form of prevention that can be done for this health problem.